Here is a simple representation of a hypothetical Indian dish, broken down to its components.
Take the coconut and the onion, for example. They have very little in common when it comes to their flavours.
Ignore the math.
The researchers did this for each of the thousands of recipes, and noticed something quite surprising.
Once again, ignore the math.
In a nutshell, all the ingredients bring a unique flavour to the dish, rubbing up against each other to create a distinctive taste. Especially the spices.