The dramatic advances by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) inside of Iraq last week are sending shock waves through Washington, Tehran, Jerusalem, Ankara, and beyond. Ejected in February 2014 from al Qaeda's network, ISIS stands at the vanguard of today's wide array of experienced, motivated, and lethal violent extremist groups. With designs on establishing an Islamic Caliphate in Iraq and Syria, ISIS' recent advances in northern Iraq pose serious challenges to President Obama's administration, U.S. and foreign national security communities, and countless concerned parties in America and overseas.