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The only two wrecks studied where the "women and children first" order was both given and followed, according to the study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences were the two that made it famous: the HMS Birkenhead (1852), where the expression is said to have been coined, and the RMS Titanic (1912), which made it famous. Of course, it helped in the former case that only 1.4 percent of the people on the ship were female. To Captain Edward Smith's credit, 35 percent of his charge was female, and almost three quarters of them survived.