Because of their rareness and value, Stradivarius violins are notoriously hard to sell on the black market.
David Schoenbaum, a retired history professor, author and violin expert, told AP: "It's terribly hard to get rid of one, The whole world is on your tail, and if you go to a pawn shop, you'll get $35. You'd have to take it to a dealer, and the dealer would immediately call the cops."
On the open market, they are likely to fetch millions. A Stradivarius went for a record $15.9 million at a Manhattan auction in 2011.
The woman who took Totenberg's Strativarius for appraisal is the former wife of musician Philip S. Johnson, who died of cancer aged 58 in California in 2011. The woman — who has not been accused of any wrongdoing — refused to comment when asked by the AP, and asked for her name not to be published.
In her NPR piece on the recovery, Nina Totenberg wrote:
"My father had always suspected who had stolen the violin — a young aspiring violinist named Phillip Johnson, who was largely unknown to my father but had been seen outside my dad's office around the time the violin was stolen. Soon thereafter, Johnson's ex-girlfriend went to my parents and told them she was quite sure Johnson had taken it. Law enforcement officials believed, however, that was not enough for a search warrant."
Nina Totenberg added that the violin had been found when "Johnson's ex-wife and her boyfriend were cleaning house, and they came across a violin case that her former husband had left to her, with a combination lock on it. They broke the lock and opened the case to find a violin with a label inside that said it was made in 1734 by the most famous violin maker of all time — Antonio Stradivari."
Pittsburgh-based violin maker Phillip Injeian, who appraised the instrument in New York told NPR: "I opened the case and looked at the instrument [and] checked it out for over a half-hour before I said anything."
"And I said these words: 'Well, I've got good news for you, and I've got bad news for you. The good news is that this is a Stradivarius. The bad news is it was stolen 35, 36 years ago from Roman Totenberg.' "
The violin was returned to Totenberg's heirs in a ceremony Thursday at the U.S. Attorney's office in Manhattan.
"Today, we return to its rightful owners the centuries-old Ames Stradivarius, stolen 35 years ago from renowned violinist Roman Totenberg," U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara said.
“This is a remarkable story of a quick-witted violin appraiser who recognized the long-lost Ames Stradivarius and immediately called law enforcement. Thanks to the violin appraiser’s good citizenship and law enforcement’s prompt response, today we celebrate the Totenberg family’s reunion with a priceless family heirloom, thought for decades to have been lost forever – a joyful ending to an amazing story.”